%% exercisesheets.tex
%% Copyright 2008-2017 Sebastian Kuhnert, Frank Fuhlbrück
%
% This work may be distributed and/or modified under the conditions
% of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c of this
% license or (at your option) any later version. The latest version
% of this license is in https://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt and
% version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
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% The Current Maintainer of this work is Sebastian Kuhnert.
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% This work consists of the files listed in README.

\documentclass[DIV12,BCOR0mm]{scrartcl}

\usepackage{arev}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[activate]{microtype}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage{xspace}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{calc}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstloadlanguages{TeX}
\lstset{%
  language=[LaTeX]TeX,
  basicstyle=\ttfamily\color{blue!50!black},
  keywordstyle=\bfseries,
  morekeywords={subject},
  identifierstyle=,
  texcl,
  commentstyle=\itshape,
  showstringspaces=false,
  breaklines,
  breakatwhitespace,
  columns=flexible,
  escapeinside={(*}{*)},
  mathescape,
}

\usepackage[pdfusetitle,colorlinks]{hyperref}

\newcommand{\exsh}{\texttt{exercisesheets}\xspace}

\newcommand{\param}[1]{$\langle${\normalfont\itshape #1\/}$\rangle$}
\newcommand{\opt}[1]{\textcolor{green!50!black}{#1}}
\newcommand{\option}[1]{{\normalfont\texttt{\color{blue!50!black}#1}}}

\usepackage[english,iso]{isodate}
\title{The \exsh Package}
\author{Sebastian Kuhnert\and Frank Fuhlbrück}
\date{Version 0.5k, \printdateTeX{2017/12/11}}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

The \exsh package provides a way to typeset exercise sheets as used in
university courses. It evolved from a set of macros an environments that were
finally combined into this package.

\subsection*{Licence}
Copyright \textcopyright{} 2008--2017 Sebastian Kuhnert and Frank Fuhlbrück.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this software under the
terms of the \LaTeX{} Project Public Licence, version 1.3c or later. This
package is maintained, the Current Maintainer is Sebastian
Kuhnert\footnote{\href{mailto:mail@sebastian-kuhnert.de}{mail@sebastian-kuhnert.de}}.


\section{Related Classes and Packages}

\subsection{Packages with Similar Functionality}
\begin{itemize}
 \item The \texttt{exercise} package offers similar functionality, though the
  concept is a bit different: That package provides explicit commands for
  sub-exercises while \exsh relies on other means like the \texttt{enumerate}
  environment for this. An advantage of the \texttt{exercise} package is that
  answers can be delayed. On the other hand \exsh's environment based user
  interface is a bit cleaner and you have to care less about package internals.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Recommended Additional Packages}
\begin{itemize}
 \item The use of \texttt{hyperref} is encouraged. Please use the options
  \texttt{pdfusetitle}, \texttt{plainpages=false} and \texttt{pdfpagelabels} for
  optimal results.
 \item If the \texttt{babel} package is loaded, the appropriate
  \option{language=\param{lang}}-option is automatically derived and can be
  omitted.
 \item The use of \texttt{enumitem} or \texttt{paralist} is recommended. Top
  level enumerating lists are then modified to have the form (a), (b), \dots{},
  which is useful in exercise definitions.
 \item If the \texttt{varioref} package is used, appropriate label formats are
  installed for exercises and sub-exercises.
 \item If the \texttt{xcolor} package is loaded, to-do markers generated with
  \verb|\TODO| are printed in red.
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Packages Loaded by \exsh}
\begin{itemize}
 \item \texttt{etoolbox} (at least version
  1.7)
 \item \texttt{scrlfile} (part of \KOMAScript{})
 \item \texttt{pgfkeys} (part of PGF 2.0)
 \item \texttt{ifthen}
 \item \texttt{amsmath} (for \verb|\numberwithin|)
 \item \texttt{iflualatex}
\end{itemize}


\section{Basic Usage}

\subsection{Package Loading}
\begin{lstlisting}
\usepackage(*\opt{[\param{options}]}*){exercisesheets}
\end{lstlisting}

The following options are available:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{only=\param{list of ranges}}] When given, only the mentioned
  sheets will be included in the output. This is useful to speed up compilation
  times for big documents. Some efforts are made that sheet and exercise
  numbering remain consistent and references to exercises and enumerated lists
  on skipped sheets still work as expected. References to other objects are
  broken though (they currently point to the exercise or item containing them).
  The \param{list of ranges} is a comma separated list of sheet numbers and
  sheet ranges. If a comma is included in the range, it has to be protected with
  a pair of braces. The special sheet \enquote{number} \texttt{last} stands for
  the last sheet in the document (this may require an additional \LaTeX{} run).
  Examples:
  \begin{description}
   \item[\option{only=3}] Only include the 3rd sheet of the document.
   \item[\option{only=\{1,3,5,7\}}] Only include the sheets 1, 3, 5 and 7.
   \item[\option{only=last}] Only include the last sheet of the document.
   \item[\option{only=\{3-5,8-last\}}] Exclude the sheets 1, 2, 6 and 7.
   \item[\option{only=\{-2,5-\}}] Exclude the sheets 3 and 4.
  \end{description}
 \item[\option{all}] Typeset all sheets (equivalent to \option{only=-}). This is
  the default.
 \item[\option{solutions\opt{=\param{true/false/oral/nonoral}}}] By default,
  solutions (provided in the \texttt{solution} environment) are not included in
  the output. By providing the option \option{solutions=true} (or just
  \option{solutions}) this can be changed. Choosing \option{solutions=oral}
  shows only solutions for exercises marked \option{oral} (useful for printouts
  taken to class). Choosing \option{solutions=nonoral} shows only solutions for
  exercises that are not marked \option{oral} (useful for correcting).
 \item[\option{solutionsby=\param{name/names}}] Use this to give the authors of the
  solutions. They are credited at the beginning of each sheet, if the solutions
  are included in the output.
 \item[\option{language=\param{lang}}] Set the language of the sheet and
  exercise heads to \param{lang}. If the \texttt{babel} package is loaded this
  is not necessary, as the main document language will be automatically
  detected. Currently \option{english}, \option{german} and \option{ngerman} are
  supported. Other translations are welcome: Please contact the author.
 \item[\option{pointsfloatright}] Use an alternative mechanism to place points for Sub-Exercises.
  If this option is used, the points label for a Sub-Exercise is placed at the (right) end of the current line.
  It is especially useful if used in a context like \texttt{$\backslash$item$\backslash$points$\{3\}$}.
  This option exploits (and partially breaks) RTL-Support. 
\end{description}

\subsection{Supplying Meta-Data}

The following commands are enhanced (or provided) to set the options controlling
the sheet headers (see Section~\ref{sec:sheet}):
\begin{lstlisting}
\subject{(*\param{subject}*)}
\author{(*\param{author}*)}
\date{(*\param{semester}*)}
\end{lstlisting}

If one of these commands is omitted (and the corresponding option is not used
either), a warning is issued.

Please do not include a \lstinline|\title| in your document, as \exsh will
automatically generate an appropriate one (this may require an additional
\LaTeX{} run).

All this information is included in the PDF meta-data if the \texttt{hyperref}
package is loaded with the option \texttt{pdfusetitle}.

\subsection{Defining Exercise Sheets}
\label{sec:sheet}
\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{sheet}(*\opt{[\param{options}]}*)
  (*\param{sheet contents}*)
\end{sheet}
\end{lstlisting}

Insert a sheet into the document. This environment can be repeated to combine
several sheets in a single \LaTeX{} file. For each sheet, a new page is started
and an appropriate header is generated. The \param{sheet contents} can be
anything but will usually consist of several \texttt{exercise} environments (see
Section~\ref{sec:exercises-solutions}).

The following \param{options} are supported:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{date=\param{date}}] Set the date the sheet was/will be issued. This
  information is included in the sheet header. By default, this information is
  omitted. See also the \option{semester} option.
 \item[\option{note=\param{note}}] Include \param{note} in the sheet header.
  Useful to inform students when the sheet is due. If you want a note consisting
  of more than one line split at a particular position, use
  \verb|\protect\linebreak|.
 \item[\option{title=\param{title}}] Deviate from the usual numbering theme and
  directly set the sheet title. When this option is used, exercise numbers are
  reset and different page numbering conventions are used. This is useful to
  typeset exams.
 \item[\option{author=\param{author}}] Set the author included in the sheet
  head. By default, the value passed to \verb|\author| is used.
 \item[\option{subject=\param{subject}}] Set the subject included in the sheet
  head. By default, the value passed to \verb|\subject| is used.
 \item[\option{semester=\param{semester}}] Set the semester included in the
  sheet head. By default, the value passed to \verb|\date| is used.
\end{description}


\subsection{Defining Exercises and Solutions}
\label{sec:exercises-solutions}
\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{exercise}(*\opt{[\param{options}]}*)
  (*\param{exercise text}*)
  \begin{solution}(*\opt{[\param{solution options}]}*)
    (*\param{solution text}*)
  \end{solution}
\end{exercise}
\end{lstlisting}

This inserts an exercise into the current document. The following options are
supported:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{name=\param{text}}] Use \param{text} as the name of the exercise.
  Useful for exercises that prove a famous theorem.
 \item[\option{firstline=\param{text}}] Save some space by text \param{text}
  behind the exercise title.
 \item[\option{points=\param{number}}] Assign this exercise \param{number}
  points. By default, exercises are unlabelled.
 \item[\option{oral}] Label this exercise as \emph{oral}. This supersedes and is
  superseded by the option \option{points}.
 \item[\option{pointsinfo=\param{text}}] Supply \param{text} as additional
  information to be displayed after the points.
 \item[\option{optional}] Shortcut for \option{pointsinfo=optional} with
  automatic translation and abbreviation (if requested).
 \item[\option{bonus}] Change \enquote{points} to \enquote{bonus points} (with
  automatic translation and abbreviation).
  \item[\option{abbrev}] Use abbreviated labels.
 \item[\option{exercisemark=\param{symbol}}] Mark the exercise
  with \param{symbol} in the left margin.
 \item[\option{difficult}] Shortcut for \option{exercisemark=*}.
 \item[\option{solutions\opt{=\param{true/false/oral/nonoral}}}] Use this to override the
  document (or sheet) default.
\end{description}

Solutions are only typeset, if the \option{solutions} option is in effect. There
can be multiple solution environments within a single exercise environment; this
is useful if the exercise consists of several sub-exercises. Sub-exercises can
simply be defined with an \texttt{enumerate} or \texttt{compactenum}
environment.

\section{Utilities}

\subsection{Including Hints}

\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{hint}(*\opt{[\param{options}]}*)
  (*\param{hint text}*)
\end{hint}
\end{lstlisting}

\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{hint*}(*\opt{[\param{options}]}*)
  (*\param{hint text}*)
\end{hint*}
\end{lstlisting}

These environments include hints in the exercise definition. The first form
starts a new paragraph, the second one puts the hint in parenthesis.

\subsection{TODO Markers}

You can use the following to include a red TODO marker in your document. This is
useful to mark places where work is still in progress. A warning is issued at
each place.

\begin{lstlisting}
\TODO
\end{lstlisting}

\subsection{Annotating Points for Sub-Exercises}
\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{exercise}[points=10]
  \begin{enumerate}
   \item Part 1 \points{oral}
   \item Part 2 \points[optional]{oral}
   \item Part 3 \points{4}
   \item Part 4 \points[bonus]{6}
  \end{enumerate}
  Sub-Exercises within continuous text can be annotated like this \points[inplace]{3} without adding space.
\end{exercise}
\end{lstlisting}


\section{Advanced Usage}

\subsection{Setting Options}

Options can be given at different places. 
\begin{enumerate}
 \item As local options to one of the environments.
 \item As package options: This is convenient for global options but suffers
  from shortcomings in way \LaTeX{} processes options: Macros are expanded and
  spaces are stripped.
 \item By the independent \verb|\exshset| command. This is especially useful in
  the preamble to set options that would be garbled by the \LaTeX{} option
  handling routine. It also allows to change an option for the rest of the
  current scope.
\end{enumerate}

Example: Change the solution authors of the following sheets:
\begin{lstlisting}
(*\param{some sheets}*)
\exshset{solutionsby=(*\param{other authors}*)}
(*\param{more sheets}*)
\end{lstlisting}

\subsection{Changing Strings}

For some languages, predefined sets of strings are provided and automatically
activated. If your language is not supported or if you want to change (some of)
the used strings, you can do so with the following options:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{strings/sheet=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/sheets=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/solutions=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/solutionsby=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/exercise=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/solution=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/hint=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/oral=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/oral abbrev=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/point=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/points=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/points abbrev=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/bonus point=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/bonus points=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/bonus points abbrev=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/optional=\param{string}}]
 \item[\option{strings/optional abbrev=\param{string}}]
\end{description}

Example: Give an introduction that should only be included in the version with
solutions:

\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{solution}[strings/solution=Introduction]
  (*\param{introduction text}*)
\end{solution}
\end{lstlisting}


\subsection{Changing Fonts}

The package \exsh comes with its own way to change the used fonts. Each font can
be changed in the following way:
\begin{lstlisting}
\exshset{(*\param{font element}=\param{font specification}*)}
\end{lstlisting}
The available \param{font element}s are listed below together with their default
values:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{sheet header font}] The basic font for subject, author, semester,
  date, note and solution authors in the sheet headers.\\
  Default: \verb|\normalfont\normalsize|
 \item[\option{subject font}] The font for the subject in the sheet header.\\
  Default: \verb|\scshape|
 \item[\option{author font}] The font for the author in the sheet header.\\
  Default: \verb|\scshape|
 \item[\option{semester font}] The font for the semester in the sheet header.\\
  Default: empty, i.\,e.\ no change.
 \item[\option{date font}] The font for the date in the sheet header.\\
  Default: empty, i.\,e.\ no change.
 \item[\option{solutionsby font}] The font for the information who has produced
  the solutions provided below the sheet title.\\
  Default: \verb|\itshape|
 \item[\option{sheet note font}] The font for the note provided below the sheet
  title.\\
  Default: \verb|\itshape\bfseries|
 \item[\option{sheet title font}] The font for the sheet title itself.\\
  Default: \verb|\Large\bfseries|
 \item[\option{exercise title font}] The font for the exercise title.\\
  Default: \verb|\bfseries|
 \item[\option{points font}] The font for the number of points in the exercise
  head (relative to the exercise title) and for \verb|\points|.\\
  Default: \verb|\itshape|
 \item[\option{hint font}] The font for hints. \\
  Default: empty, i.\,e.\ no change.
 \item[\option{hint title font}] The font for the string \enquote{Hint:}.\\
  Default: \verb|\itshape|
 \item[\option{solution font}] The font for solutions.\\
  Default: empty, i.\,e.\ no change.
 \item[\option{solution title font}] The font for the string
  \enquote{Solution:}\\
  Default: \verb|\bfseries|
 \item[\option{todo marker font}] The font for the string \enquote{TODO}.\\
  Default: \verb|\ifdef{\color}{\color{red}}{}\bfseries|
\end{description}

\subsection{Controlling the Spacing}

The following options allow fine-tuning of the spacing:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{above sheet title skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance between
  author/date and sheet title.\\
  Default: \texttt{4ex}
 \item[\option{above sheet note skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance above the
  sheet note.\\
  Default: \texttt{.7ex}
 \item[\option{above solutionsby skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance above the
  solution author.\\
  Default: \texttt{1ex}
 \item[\option{below sheet header skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance below the
  sheet header.\\
  Default: \texttt{4ex plus 1ex minus .5ex}
 \item[\option{above exercise skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance above
  exercises.\\
  Default: \texttt{3ex plus 1ex minus .5ex}
 \item[\option{below exercise title skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance below
  exercise titles.\\
  Default: \texttt{\textbackslash parskip}
 \item[\option{above solution skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance above
  solutions.\\
  Default: \texttt{1ex}
 \item[\option{above hint skip=\param{dimen}}] The distance above hints.\\
  Default: \texttt{1ex}
\end{description}

\subsection{Special Code for Solutions}
\begin{lstlisting}
\ifsolutions{(*\param{if true}*)}{(*\param{if false}*)}
\iforalsolutions{(*\param{if true}*)}{(*\param{if false}*)}
\ifnonoralsolutions{(*\param{if true}*)}{(*\param{if false}*)}
\end{lstlisting}

There are also special options for conditionals to be used in the arguments of
the environments defined by this package:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{ifsolutions=\{\param{options if true}\}\{\param{options if
      false}\}}] Execute \param{options if true} if solutions are included in
  the current document, \param{options if false} otherwise.
 \item[\option{iforalsolutions=\{\param{options if true}\}\{\param{options if
      false}\}}] Execute \param{options if true} if solutions for oral exercises
  are included in the current document, \param{options if false} otherwise.
 \item[\option{ifnonoralsolutions=\{\param{options if true}\}\{\param{options if
      false}\}}] Execute \param{options if true} if solutions for non-oral
  exercises are included in the current document, \param{options if false}
  otherwise.
\end{description}

Example 1: Only include points for sub-exercises when solutions are typeset:
\begin{lstlisting}
\ifsolutions{}{\renewcommand{\points}[2][]{}}
\end{lstlisting}

Example 2: Modify the sheet header spacing in the non-solution version:
\begin{lstlisting}
\begin{sheet}[ifsolutions={}{above title skip=2ex}]% usually 4ex
  \dots
\end{sheet}
\end{lstlisting}

\subsection{Using Hooks}
There are several hooks used by \exsh:
\begin{description}
 \item[\option{every sheet}] This is used at the beginning of every sheet.
 \item[\option{every exercise}] This is used at the beginning of every exercise.
 \item[\option{every solution}] This is used at the beginning of every solution.
 \item[\option{every hint}] This is used at the beginning of every hint.
\end{description}

Hooks can be used to influence the behaviour of the respective environments.
Users of \texttt{tikz} should be familiar with the concept.

\section{Usage Tips}
\label{sec:usage-tips}

\subsection{Seperate Solution File}
\label{sec:seper-solut-file}

If you do not want to temporarily comment out the \option{solutions} option in
your main file, say \texttt{exercises.tex}, you can create an additional file
\texttt{solutions.tex} with the following contents:
\begin{lstlisting}
\PassOptionsToPackage{solutions}{exercisesheets}
\input{exercises.tex}
\end{lstlisting}
If you leave out the \option{solutions} option in you main file, running
\texttt{pdflatex exercises.tex} will create \texttt{exercises.pdf} without
solutions and \texttt{pdflatex solutions.tex} will create \texttt{solutions.pdf}
with solutions.
\end{document}

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